Les élections bulgares avaient lieu avant l'été en Bulgarie. Si les socialistes sont arrivés en tête, ils n'ont obtenu qu'une majorité très relative rendant difficile la composition du gouvernement. Après plusieurs mois de tractations et de blocages, le principe d'une grande coalition a été adopté en septembre avec le poste de premier ministre pour le socialiste Sergei Stanichev, et une coalition regroupant les socialistes, le mouvement Siméon II (droite) et le parti représentant la minorité turque.
Pour les Jeunes Socialistes Bulgares (BSY), les principaux enjeux sont la lutte contre la corruption, l'établissement d'une nouvelle gouvernance et la réduction des tensions éthniques.
L'entrée dans l'Union Européenne est le principal enjeu du gouvernement. Ci-dessous la position des Jeunes Socialistes Bulgares sur les problèmes actuels liés à l'adhésion. A noter le focus mis sur les inégalités régionales et sociales.
Tous ne sont pas convaincus qu'un gouvernement de coalition sera à même d'être à la hauteur des défis. Mais la pression de la Commission Européenne ne laissait guère d'autres choix.
POLITICAL POSITION Of the National Bureau of BSY
About the risks in the process of accession of The Republic of Bulgaria to the EU
At its session hold in Sofia, 19 of May 2005, the National Bureau of Bulgarian
Socialist Youth a position paper was adopted concerning the risks that our
country faces in the process of accession to the European Union.
The position paper states:
In the last few months we witnessed a number of symptoms that show undoubtedly that the member states are having significant insecurities about the readiness of Bulgaria to join the EU and about the capability of our country to be a fully-fledged member of the big European family.
· A number of respected European media sources expressed negative opinions about the political, social, and economical development of Bulgaria;
· The lack of popular support for our accession to the Union was underlined;
· The appointment of observers in the European Parliament was postponed;
· Influential European politicians and parties like the German CDU and CSU asked for re-examination of the conditions for the accession of Bulgaria and omania.
· The European Commissioner on the Enlargement Mr. Olli Rehn sent an official warning letter about the problems in certain areas, concerning our accession: the reform in the judiciary, in the civil service, the fight against corruption, in the agriculture, the environment, the acquisition of the financial means, provided by the European funds.
This clearly shows that in the process of its accession to the EU, Bulgaria faces a number of certain difficulties that are hiding risks concerning our accession on 1 January 2007, and also the financial and institutional parameters of the Bulgarian membership in the EU.
What difficulties we face and what is the reason for them?
A profound social division is present in Bulgaria in which, a small part of the population owns a very big part of the economic means. The middle class is only
present in some of the large cities and in some regions. More than half of the
Bulgarians live with minimum incomes, which are barely enough to provide for
their basic needs. The average income in the country is times lower than the
average income in the EU. Bulgaria is far away from the European type of a
welfare state and without the serious engagement of the financial funds of the
Union it could not get closer even to the basic European social standards and to
success in the fulfilment of the European social model in our
country.
A much misbalanced model of territorial development is also present in the country. The economic growth and the social progress are possible in the capital and to a lesser extent in some of the largest cities. The predominant part of the middle and the small towns, as well as the villages, is a victim of hard emigrational processes, a serious decrease of the population and lack of possibilities for normal social-economical development. Around a third of the regions are in a very hard social-economical situation, with unemployment levels exceeding 30-40% and more than 25% depopulation. It is unreal to talk about a European type of regional politics.
Despite all pledged intentions, drawn strategies, and promised measures, corruption and misuse of public authority remain the main problems of the political system and the governing of Bulgaria. They are among the main reasons for the lag of our country from the development tendencies that characterise the rest of the new member-states in Central and Eastern Europe, which joined the EU a year ago. More and more factors serve to show us that the various corruption schemes
affect the acquisition of the financial means provided by the European Development funds and that these schemes limit the effectiveness of these
provisions and hinder the fulfilment of their aims.
In the last year, a number of symptoms serve to show us that serious organised crime network exists in Bulgaria, which undermines the social order and threatens the security of the citizens. The activities conducted by the representatives of the
organised crime deprive the state budget from significant incomes. And the sound
boasting of this and the previous governments that they have managed to tackle
the problem successfully are nothing but cheap political advertisement.
Despite the successful conclusion of the membership talks and the signing of the accession treaty, Bulgaria still faces severe institutional, economical and social problems that are of decisive importance for our country’s future as part of the EU. These problems are not new but on this stage, they raise doubts about the capability of our country to tackle them and to comply with the duties that it accepted.
In this context, we should have in mind that signing the accession treaty does not mean joining the EU. Because we still have to face the process of ratification by the 25 member-states. Also, because of the so-called safeguard clause which allows for the postponement of the membership. And these problems put Bulgaria in a very unfavourable position, concerning the decision on the financial terms and
transfers, which our country is going to use after its accession.
All of this, according to us, defines the need of a completely new approach in the policy of European integration, which is implemented now. The accession of our country to the EU should not be a subject of political demagogy and cheap political advertisement, working to save a falling government. Or to be accepted as a source of means for a circle of people and companies, used to living on somebody’s back. Bulgarian membership in the EU is a question of national priority and different governments worked for its attainment for more than a decade. That is why we should face the hardships very decisively and with great responsibility instead of blaming the Parliamentary opposition for the fact that the people in Brussels, Paris, or Berlin know the condition of Bulgaria very well.
That is why, in order to tackle these problems, what we need is a real change in the way the country is governed. What we need is real and consistent policy that will deal with these problems and not imitation of efforts. This is the only way that
would allow Bulgaria to take its place as a praiseworthy member of the European
Union.
Sofia, 19 of May 2005
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